Technical Considerations in the Design of near Surface Disposal Facilities for Radioactive Waste

FOREWORD The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has, since its inception, recognized the importance of radioactive waste management. Low and intermediate level radioactive wastes are produced in almost all countries and their safe management is of great importance. Near surface disposal of the wastes is an option being practised or planned in many countries. There is a growing need in the countries for additional information and guidance on all aspects of this disposal option. Good design plays an important role in ensuring operational as well as long term safety of near surface disposal facilities. Issues relating to the design of both small and large near surface disposal facilities were discussed at an IAEA Symposium on the Since 1977, the IAEA has been pursuing an active programme on the disposal of radioactive wastes. The areas covered include generic and regulatory activities, performance and safety assessments, site selection, criteria, design, construction, operation and closure of disposal facilities. A number of valuable reports have been published through this programme. Although an earlier IAEA publication discusses briefly the design aspects of near surface disposal facilities, it was recognised that a report is needed that covers in depth the various activities involved in the design of near surface disposal facilities for low and intermediate level wastes. This publication is intended to fill the gap and reflects decades of experience in IAEA Member States in this particular area. It is hoped that Member States, in particular the developing countries, will find the report useful for their programmes to implement near surface facilities. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA.